Adam's Important Irish Art & Irish Historical Documents December 2016 : Click Lot Title for More Info

Printed in Dublin, 23rd April 1916 by Christopher Brady, Michael Molloy and Liam O’Brien for the Provisional Government of the

Irish Republic, this copy signed and inscribed lower left “Christopher Brady, Printer of this Proclamation 1916”

A single broadsheet, overall size 30 2/16’’ x 20 2/16’’, width of printed lines, 18 1/4’’, printed text 29 1/16’’, on poor paper with

smudging and uneven inking, some minor tears, and creases, w.a.f.

The most important document in modern Irish History. This is one of only two known original copies in private hands signed by

Brady and one of a small number of surviving copies. Printed at Liberty Hall, Dublin, under the protection of soldiers of the Irish

Citizen Army, on Easter Sunday, 1916, and read from the steps of the General Post Office, O’Connell St., Dublin on Easter Monday

morning by P.H. Pearse, in the presence of the other signatories of the document, thereby heralding the Rising, and Ireland’s

advance towards self-determination.

The Proclamation, the corner-stone of modern Irish history, the Irish Declaration of Independence, was probably the literary com-

position of P.H. Pearse, with some changes and amendments by James Connolly and Thomas MacDonagh. It was printed on an

old ‘’Wharfdale Double-Crown,’’ printing machine. The work commenced about mid-day on Sunday 23rd April and was completed

approx. 1.00 on Easter Monday morning. James Connolly organised all arrangements. The printer was Christopher Brady and the

compositors Michael Molloy, and Liam O’Brien all of whom had previously been employed in the work of printing ‘’The Worker’s

Republic,’’ for Connolly.

Brady who worked the machine throughout described his task as one of great difficulty. He found it hard to ink the type evenly

and the rollers refused to maintain an even pressure, with the result that nearly all copies show much smudging in parts and faint

printing in other parts. In the beginning an attempt was made to set the entire document at the one time, but it was found this was

not viable as there was not enough type available, and it had to be set in two stages. Firstly, top half, from ‘’Poblacht’’ down to and

including the words... ‘’among the nations.’’ Secondly, the bottom half, from ‘’The Irish Republic,’’ .. to ‘’Joseph Plunkett’’.

The paper used was of the poorest quality, a cheap line which was purchased from Saggart Mills, and similar to that used on the

‘’Workers Republic.’’ A print run of 2500 copies was planned, with the intention of supplying the country as well as the city. It seems

unlikely however, because of the difficulties encountered in the work, dilapidated machinery, scarcity of paper etc., that any more

than 1000 copies were in fact printed. Finally the work of distribution was then handed over to Mrs. Helen Moloney, as ordered

by Connolly. The type for the second section or bottom half was still in the press, when the British soldiers entered Liberty Hall,

on Thursday 27th April 1916.

Michael J. Molloy told the story of how he came to be one of the three men who printed the 1916 Proclamation, in an article enti-

tled ‘’My Easter Week,’’ published in the Evening Herald, on April 4th, 1966. In 1925, Mr. Joseph J. Bouch published a booklet, for the

Biographical Society of Ireland which was a short history and a bibliography of The Proclamation. He examined the few available

copies of the original from libraries etc., and this paper is now the definitive tool for ascertaining the true copies. He defined six

main points from which the first issue can be identified: Size of paper: approx. 30’’ x 20’’; Quality and colour of paper; Style of typog-

raphy including wrong fonts and spaces; Measurements of form or type face, or length of line Differences in spelling notably in the

names of the signatories; Other typographical inexactitudes. The above copy conforms in size, type of paper, etc., and contains all

the typographical inexactitudes and irregularities called for by Bouch. It contains the 23 wrong font ‘’e’’ as called for. It also contains

the reversed ‘’e’’ in the third ‘’the’’ on the first line of the last paragraph. Also according to Bouch the spacing matter or bars between

the lines frequently caught the ink and showed a line of varying lengths. In addition, this document contains further typographical

errors which were missed by Bouch & other bibliographers, historians alike, & which on examination, are to be found in all other

true copies of the original. These are three lower case ‘’t’’s. This copy also displays clearly that the original Proclamation was in fact

printed in two parts, as the distance between the last two paragraphs, etc., and the top half again varies in size.

€ 250,000 - 350,000