Adam's IMPORTANT IRISH ART 1st June 2022

102 72 POBLACHT NA HEIREANN The Proclamation of Independence of the Irish Republic Printed in Dublin, 23rd April 1916 by Christopher Brady, Michael Molloy and Liam O’Brien for the Provisional Government of the Irish Republic, Broadsheet 75.6 x 51cm, text size 74 x 46.2cm € 150,000 - 200,000 1916 PROCLAMATION - ORIGINAL PRINTING An orig- inal copy of the Foundation Document of Modern Irish Nationhood, the Proclamation of the Irish Republic A single broadsheet, overall size 76 x 49cm (30 x 19¼”) Inscribed verso ‘Obtained in Sackville St. Dublin, Easter Monday, April 24th, 1916’ The most important document in modern Irish History. This is one of only two known original copies in private hands signed by Brady and one of a small number of surviving copies. Printed at Liberty Hall, Dublin, under the protection of soldiers of the Irish Citizen Army, on Easter Sunday, 1916, and read from the portico of the General Post Office, O’Connell St., Dublin on Easter Monday morn- ing by P.H. Pearse, in the presence of the other signa- tories of the document, thereby heralding the Rising, and Irelands advance towards self-determination. The Proclamation, the corner-stone of modern Irish history, the Irish Declaration of Independence, was probably the literary composition of P.H. Pearse, with some changes and amendments by James Connolly and Thomas MacDonagh. It was printed on an old Wharfdale Double-Crown, printing machine. The work commenced about mid-day on Sunday 23rd April and was completed approx. 1.00 on Easter Monday morning. James Connolly organised all arrangements. The printer was Christopher Brady and the composi- tors Michael Molloy, and Liam OBrien all of whom had previously been employed in the work of printing The Workers Republic, for Connolly. Brady who worked the machine throughout described his task as one of great difficulty. He found it hard to ink the type evenly and the rollers refused to maintain an even pres- sure, with the result that nearly all copies show much smudging in parts and faint printing in other parts. In the beginning an attempt was made to set the entire document at the one time, but it was found this was not viable as there was not enough type available, and it had to be set in two stages. Firstly, top half, from Poblacht down to and including the words... among the nations. Secondly, the bottom half, from The Irish Republic, .. to Joseph Plunkett. The paper used was of the poorest quality, a cheap line which was purchased from Saggart Mills, and sim- ilar to that used on the Workers Republic. A print run of 2500 copies was planned, with the intention of sup- plying the country as well as the city. It seems unlikely however, because of the difficulties encountered in the work, dilapidated machinery, scarcity of paper etc., that any more than 1000 copies were in fact printed. Finally the work of distribution was then handed over to Mrs. Helen Moloney, as ordered by Connolly. The type for the second section or bottom half was still in the press, when the British soldiers entered Liberty Hall, on Thursday 27th April 1916. Michael J. Molloy told the story of how he came to be one of the three men who printed the 1916 Proclamation, in an article entitled My Easter Week, published in the Evening Herald, on April 4th, 1966. In 1925, Mr. Joseph J. Bouch published a booklet, for the Biographical Society of Ireland which was a short history and a bib- liography of The Proclamation. He examined the few available copies of the original from libraries etc., and this paper is now the definitive tool for ascertaining the true copies. He defined six main points from which the first issue can be identified: Size of paper: approx. 30 x 20; Quality and colour of paper; Style of typogra- phy including wrong fonts and spaces; Measurements of form or type face, or length of line Differences in spelling notably in the names of the signatories; Other typographical inexactitudes. The above copy conforms in size, type of paper, etc., and contains all the typographical inexactitudes and irregularities called for by Bouch. It contains the 23 wrong font e as called for. It also contains the reversed e in the third the on the first line of the last para- graph. Also according to Bouch the spacing matter or bars between the lines frequently caught the ink and showed a line of varying lengths. In addition, this document contains further typographical errors which were missed by Bouch & other bibliographers, histo- rians alike, & which on examination, are to be found in all other true copies of the original. These are three lower case ts. This copy also displays clearly that the original Proclamation was in fact printed in two parts, as the distance between the last two paragraphs, etc., and the top half again varies in size.